By William P. Griffith
Ruthenium Oxidation Complexes explores ruthenium complexes, really these in greater oxidation states, which functionality as important and selective natural oxidation catalysts. specific emphasis is put on these structures that are of commercial value. The practise, houses and purposes of the ruthenium complexes are defined, by way of a presentation in their oxidative houses and precis of different mechanisms focused on the natural oxidations (e.g. oxidations of alcohols, alkenes, arenes and alkynes, alkanes, amines, ethers, phopshines and miscellaneous substrates). additionally, destiny tendencies and advancements within the region are discussed.
This monograph is aimed toward inorganic, natural, business and catalysis chemists, specifically those that desire to perform particular natural oxidations utilizing catalytic methods.
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Extra info for Ruthenium Oxidation Complexes: Their Uses as Homogenous Organic Catalysts
Example text
A large-scale oxidation of (+)-dihydrocholesterol to the ketone used RuO2/aq. 7) [288]. The reagent RuCl3/aq. 3) [252]. g. by RuCl3/aq. Na(IO4)/CCl4-CH3CN [248, 395] and by RuCl3/aq. 3). 1) Optically pure D- and L-glyceric acids were made by cleavage of vicinal diols or of a-hydroxy acids by RuCl3/aq. 6) [398]. The system RuCl3/aq. Na(IO4)/CH3CN-CCl4 oxidised PhCMeCH(OH)CH2OH to PhCMeCOOH [260], and RuCl3/aq. Na(ClO)/0°C converted 1,2-dihydroxycyclohexane to adipic acid [35, 256]. 1) Protecting groups are needed for the few oxidations reported for primary and secondary amines, but there is a substantial chemistry of oxidation by RuO4 of tertiary amines and of amides The reagent RuO2/aq.
15). Oxidation by RuCl3/aq. 13) [151]. A substituted furan ring was oxidised by RuCl3 /aq. K(IO4)/CH2Cl2-CH3CN to the corresponding propanoic acid (Fig. 15). Oxidation of cyclocholestan-6b-yl ethers by RuO2/aq. Na(IO4)/ acetone-CCl4 gave formate or acetate esters; kinetics of the oxidation of 3a,5acyclocholestan-6b-yl methylether to 3a,5a-cyclocholestan-6-one were investigated [428]. Oxidative cleavage of b-hydroxyethers was accomplished by RuCl3/aq. 14) [429]. Hydride abstraction was suggested as the rate-determining step for the oxidation of THF to g-butyrolactone by stoich.
For large-scale oxidations of secondary alcohols and of carbohydrates by RuO4 cf. 7. 3) Early work with RuO4-assisted oxidations was much concerned with alcohol f unctions in carbohydrates, and there are early but illuminating reviews on such reactions [60, 263]. 2). 12); kinetic studies suggested involvement of a hydride-transfer mechanism [278]. Other examples included oxidation of the 5¢ hydroxy group of 2¢,3¢-O-isopropylideneadenosine to the corresponding 5¢-carboxylic acid (Fig. 10) by RuCl3/aq.
